Archive for August 3rd, 2010

August 3rd, 2010

What is Natural Selection?

by Andrew

Natural selection was Darwin’s key insight, the idea that truly made him famous. The idea of evolution existed before he was born, but there was no credible mechanism. Darwin, and Alfred Russell Wallace, uncovered that mechanism.

Natural selection has been defined as “the non-random survival of randomly varying replicators.” Before I explain what that means, I want to explain how Darwin came across this insight. (Before I go further, I should note that, while natural selection is the primary force driving evolution, sexual selection and genetic drift also have an impact).

On the Origin of Species is filled with what we might term comparative biology. Especially about pigeons. Artificial selection is the process by which human breeders create different breeds of an animal, such as the dozens of species of dog we now have. In the mid-19th century, pigeon breeding was fairly popular. Darwin was fascinated by all of the species of pigeon and began to wonder where they all came from. Based on their physical similarities, he discerned that all the domestic pigeon breeds must have originated from a single species of wild pigeons. The reason they look different is that different lines have been artificially selected for different traits. In the Origin, artificial selection (why pigeons look different) acts as a key metaphor for natural selection (why all birds look different).

We can think of natural selection as artificial selection without conscious forethought. It is deterministic, in that its outcomes are predictable. In other words, natural selection is not random. What are random are mutations in DNA, the “replicators” in the above quote. Or maybe not. read more »

August 3rd, 2010

Treasury Secretary Geithner on the economy

by DickH

I’m not a big fan of the Obama Administration’s financial team. Too many are the products of Wall Street and have twisted the old “What’s good for GM is good for America” phrase into “what’s good for Wall Street is good for America.” Back in the early 1990s when banks became insolvent, the Feds stepped in, seized the institution, sold off all the good assets to healthier banks and managed the poor ones through the Resolution Trust Corporation. The executives who ran those banks into the ground weren’t retained and they certainly weren’t given tax payer funded bonuses. Why we weren’t able to do the same in early 2008 escapes me. I think the primary reason was the Wall Street DNA inhabiting the Obama financial team with a small dose of “we don’t want the opposition to label us socialists who are nationalizing banks.”

So with that as my less-than-lukewarm introduction, here’s the high points of “Welcome to the Recovery”, an op-ed by Secretary Geithner in today’s New York Times: While repeatedly sympathizing with the unemployed worker for whom there is no recovery, Geithner writes that “a review of recent data on the American economy shows that we [are] on a path back to growth.” As good news, he cites:

  • exports are booming because of American competitiveness
  • Private job growth has returned (only not as fast as we would like)
  • Businesses are sitting on a load of cash which is available for investment and growth
  • A leaner, more efficient auto industry is bouncing back
  • The TARP program has already earned a $20 billion profit and will soon be out of business

Geithner says that “new data show that this recession was even deeper than previously estimated” and the velocity of the economic fall that began in 2007 (a year before Obama became president) led companies to “cut payrolls and investment savagely.”  He suggests that the depths of the collapse would have been much greater but for the steps taken by the Obama administration and concludes by saying “we suffered a terrible blow, but we are coming back.”

I do believe that our economic troubles would have been far worse had the Federal government not rescued the banks and not funded the stimulus bill (I’m also one who believes that the stimulus measures were insufficient and had they been bigger, the recovery would be farther along by now – but that’s another post).  One phenomenon mentioned by Geithner has received significant play elsewhere in recent days, and that’s the speed with which American companies shed jobs.  Capitalism lacks a conscience and compassion, so when chopping employees benefits the bottom line, the employees are quickly cast aside.  The main reason American businesses have been able to horde so much cash is through cuts in payroll.  It’s not that corporate America couldn’t afford to keep the workers, it’s that the bottom line benefited from shedding them.  And that’s why the government must be there with unemployment benefits, job retraining programs and all the other things that comprise the social safety net.

Too bad the Treasury Secretary is more enthusiastic about increased corporate competitiveness than he is about easing the upheaval to the lives of displaced workers whose firings so benefited the bottom line.

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August 3rd, 2010

Like Wild Flowers in a Parking Lot

by PaulM

The NYT today has an article about artists and creative entrepreneurs working to inject vitality back into Detroit, which has become the default example of a failed Rust-Belt city. Read the story here, and consider buying a copy of the New York Times if you appreciate the reporting.

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August 3rd, 2010

When Politicians Are Honest

by Andrew

Today Senator Kerry announced that he would delay the Senate Foreign Relations Committee vote on the new START Treaty. It appears that several Republican senators are on the verge of committing to vote for it, but have submitted several questions to the Obama Administration that they want answered before they come out in support of the Treaty. Utterly predictably, the line from Minority Leader McConnell is that the Treaty will be in good shape if the Administration doesn’t rush it:

The only way this treaty gets in trouble is if it’s rushed… My advice to the president was, don’t try to jam it, answer all the requests, and let’s take our time and do it right.

Minor problem. The last START Treaty expired in December. Which means the US hasn’t had observers in Russia since December. Which means that we have no idea what the Russians have been doing with their nuclear weapons since December. One would think this would expedite the process of passing the Treaty. As I said, only a minor problem.

But what Senator McConnell said next provided the inspiration for the title of this post: read more »

August 3rd, 2010

Save Some Dates

by PaulM

From the Moses Greeley Parker Lectures schedule, 2010-11 (a selected list of early fall programs):

Sunday, Aug 29, 4 pm

Boarding House Park, Lowell

“Twelfe Night” performed by the New England Shakespeare Festival

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Saturday, Oct 2, 1 pm

Lowell National Historical Park Visitor Center, 246 Market St, Lowell

“Jack Kerouac and the American Bohemian Tradition,” a talk by Dennis McNally, biographer of JK and longtime publicist for the Grateful Dead (Dennis is from Haverhill and is a graduate of UMass Amherst)

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Sunday, Oct. 3, 12 noon

Lowell Memorial Auditorium, 50 East Merrimack St., Lowell

“Prelude to the Civil War: The State of the Union 150 Years Ago,” a talk by UMass Lowell history professor Michael Pierson

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All Parker Lectures are free and open to the public. For the full schedule, visit www.parkerlectures.com

Check this website for reminders about upcoming programs.

August 3rd, 2010

MassMoments: Calvin Coolidge Sworn-In as President

by Marie

In these times when immigration is still a hot button issue, the tea party movement and protests have emerged and questions continue about the rights, agenda and activism of unions, it is important to pay attention to this reminder from Mass Moments that on this day – August 3 – in 1923 upon the death of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge – citizen of Northampton and former Governor of Massachusetts - was sworn in as President of the United States.

“Silent Cal” had been the Republican governor of Massachusetts, little known outside the state, until the Boston police strike of 1919 catapulted him into the national spotlight. Coolidge was quick to gain political advantage from the situation. “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time,” he proclaimed. In this turbulent period, when many Americans feared the country was being overrun by immigrants, radicals, and militant trade unionists, the voters found his law and order stance and his image as an old-fashioned, rustic Yankee farmer profoundly reassuring. Within a year of the strike, Coolidge was elected Vice President.

Read the rest of the story here at Masss Moments.

August 3rd, 2010

Next Cowley?

by PaulM

Dick’s tweets and postings from Charles Cowley’s “Illustrated History of Lowell” (1868) raise the following questions: When is the next general history of Lowell due and what form will it take? In the 19th century, an illustrated history was “high-tech” in its own way. On top of that, Cowley gave us a narrative that began figuratively with “once upon a time.” The most recent single-author history of the city is Frederick W. Coburn’s “A History of Lowell and Its People” (1920). We’ve had multi-author histories like ”Cotton Was King” (1975) and “The Continuing Revolution” (1991), but those lack a unifying narrative and are more like history mosaics with the chapter-pieces made by different authors. Those volumes have many gaps. It’s now 90 years since Coburn’s history. Who will be our 21st-century Herodotus?

Herodotus

August 3rd, 2010

2002 State Election

by DickH

I’ve been documenting the results of recent state elections on our “Elections” page (see the upper right corner of this page for the link). Here’s what happened in 2002:

After twelve years of Republican governors, Democrats were anxious to win the state’s highest office in 2002. Paul Cellucci had resigned to become US Ambassador to Canada leaving Lt Governor Jane Swift as the state’s chief executive. Although Swift planned to run for election in her own right in 2002, Mitt Romney emerged as the Republican favorite and Swift faded away.

The Democrats had five candidates: Senate President Tom Birmingham, State Treasurer Shannon O’Brien, former US Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, former head of Democratic National Committee Steve Grossman and State Senator Warren Tolman. O’Brien won the primary with 243,039 to Reich’s 185,315, Birmingham’s 179,793, Tolman’s 132,157 and Grossman’s 5976 (????). In Lowell, Birmingham received 3428, O’Brien 2024, Tolman 1333 and Reich 1190.

In the general election, the Republican ticket of Romney and Kerry Healey defeated Democrats Shannon O’Brien and Chris Gabrielli, 1,091,988 to 985,981. In Lowell, O’Brien prevailed 10,085 to Romney’s 9997.

While Gabrielli and Healey were the ultimate nominees for Lieutenant Governor, both won contested primaries. Gabrielli received 306,121 to Lois Pines’ 205,208 and John Slattery’s 150,313. On the Republican side, Healey defeated Jim Rappaport, 159,667 to 88,061.

In other races, John Kerry was re-elected US Senator with nominal opposition from Libertarian Michael Cloud; Tom Reilly was unopposed in his re-election as Attorney General as was Auditor Joe DeNucci. Incumbent Secretary of State Bill Galvin won re-election by a wide margin over Republican Jack E Robinson.

A number of candidates sought to succeed incumbent Treasurer Shannon O’Brien who was running for governor. On the strength of his daughter’s “Tim for Treasurer” radio commercials, Tim Cahill won the Democratic primary with 226,505 votes to James Segel’s 153,940, Stephen Murphy’s 135,612, and Michael Cahill’s 116,737. On the Republican side, Dan Grabauskas defeated Bruce Herzfelder, 110,690 to 96,851. Cahill won the general election, 1,040,281 to 848,904.

In the Fifth Congressional District, Marty Meehan easily won a three-way race against Republican Charles McCarthy and Libertarian Ilana Freedman. Marilyn Devaney was unopposed in the re-election as Governor’s Councillor. Steve Panagiotakos easily defeated Republican Brooks Lyman for State Senate. In the House, all three Lowell representatives won re-election against Republican opponents. Tom Golden (whose district now included parts of Chelmsford after that town’s historic seat in the house was broken up by redistricting) defeated Harry Garavanian, 8080 to 3141; Dave Nagle defeatead Cliff Krieger, 6547 to 1924; and Keven Murphy defeated John Charow, 4364 to 1319.

In Middlesex County races, Martha Coakley was re-elected District Attorney without opposition. John Buonomo, who was elected to serve an unexpired term as Register of Probate was elected to a full term, defeating Diane Poulos Harpell in the Democratic primary and Republican John Lambert in the general election.

August 3rd, 2010

Middlesex Community College Helping Small Businesses

by Tony
Middlesex Community College is working to help small businesses grow and succeed. Throughout the months of August and September the college is offering four inexpensive courses designed specifically to help the small business owner and his/her employees.
And I mean inexpensive… course cost only $29 or $39 and will be held on the Lowell Campus.
Here is a listing of the four courses being offered:
MS Powerpoint: An effective presentation can open many doors for a business and nothing is better for presentation creation than MS Powerpoint.
Internet Marketing: For the business person who feels lost in the world of Facebook and Twitter this course provides a great overview.
MS Basic Excel: Excel is a valuable tool for almost all business applications. Course students can learn Excel basics here, such as how to create a workbook, do simple calculations and summarize data.
Improving Your Office Efficiency: Efficiency in business is all about work-flow…and  this course provides insight into organizational strategies that will save a small business time and money.
August 3rd, 2010

What’s In A Name Or Nickname?

by Marie

For months now I’ve checking the daily postings on the “Vast Public Indifference” blog – here. It’s a blog where Caitlin GD Hopkins indulges her fascination with history and old graveyard tombstones by posting a photo and description of her ”Gravestone of the Day” with an emphasis on the names of the interred as well as the  artistry of the symbols and inscriptions. Occasionally, she drops in a quiz. Baby names are a current interest so she has been searching “name”  lists and has been soliciting suggestions. Some popular suggestions seem more like nicknames - Jack, Annie or Maggie. This prompted her to create a quiz for  readers to try to match a list of traditional names with their traditional nickname. It’s a challenge – try it here.

Check out the whole site – it has some good history links and other site links.

Note: The Social Security Administration publishes and annual list of the most popular male/female names for the year – here are the top 10 for 2009:

 

Rank Male Female  
1 Jacob Isabella  
2 Ethan Emma  
3 Michael Olivia  
4 Alexander Sophia  
5 William Ava  
6 Joshua Emily  
7 Daniel Madison  
8 Jayden Abigail  
9 Noah Chloe  
10 Anthony  Mia  
       
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