Author Archive

August 9th, 2010

Book Review: Freefall

by Andrew

Joseph Stiglitz is one of the great economists of our time, a reputation that was secured even before he accurately predicted the financial collapse and its magnitude. He is a professor at Columbia University and a winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics. But perhaps more importantly, he is a visionary who has provided us with a roadmap to a more prosperous America. I have just completed his recent book Freefall and can say without reservation that it is one of the two or three most important books I have ever read.

Stiglitz himself highlights what I think is a major asymmetry in our society. In the spectrum of economics, he is a centrist, falling between the socialists on the left and the equally radical neoclassicists on the right who have dominated our country for the past few decades. In the political spectrum of our country, he would fall in the center, if not center-left, of the Democratic Party. His very existence, never mind the content of his book, highlights how radicalized our society has become.

The book has four parts. The first is an explanation of where the Great Recession came from. The second is an explanation of what happened during the collapse. The third is a catalogue of the failures of both the Bush and Obama administrations (especially the later) in dealing with the crisis. And the fourth, and easily most important part, is his roadmap for fixing the long-term structural problems with our society. read more »

August 5th, 2010

Some Thoughts on Gay Marriage

by Andrew

I am one of the youngest, if not the youngest, person to participate on this blog. I am so young that I cannot remember a time when gay marriage was not allowed; I was only 13 when the Massachusetts Supreme Court issued its decision ordering the state to begin granting marriage licenses to gay couples. As with many other issues, gay rights highlight a massive generational rift in our country. My generation is overwhelmingly pro-gay rights and does not see why gay marriage has caused such controversy. With that in mind, I’d like to present my view on the national “debate” over this issue that has played out over the past nearly seven years.

When gay marriage was legalized in Massachusetts, I really did not understand the full meaning of what happened. I was simply too young. I barely even remember it beginning. What I do remember is the campaign to put a referendum on the ballot about gay marriage. I was only a freshman in high school at the time, not exactly an age for gaining clear insight into the world of adults and their politics. All I can remember at the time is being shocked that anyone would oppose gay marriage. It was a question of happiness, a judgment that has stuck with me ever since. read more »

August 3rd, 2010

What is Natural Selection?

by Andrew

Natural selection was Darwin’s key insight, the idea that truly made him famous. The idea of evolution existed before he was born, but there was no credible mechanism. Darwin, and Alfred Russell Wallace, uncovered that mechanism.

Natural selection has been defined as “the non-random survival of randomly varying replicators.” Before I explain what that means, I want to explain how Darwin came across this insight. (Before I go further, I should note that, while natural selection is the primary force driving evolution, sexual selection and genetic drift also have an impact).

On the Origin of Species is filled with what we might term comparative biology. Especially about pigeons. Artificial selection is the process by which human breeders create different breeds of an animal, such as the dozens of species of dog we now have. In the mid-19th century, pigeon breeding was fairly popular. Darwin was fascinated by all of the species of pigeon and began to wonder where they all came from. Based on their physical similarities, he discerned that all the domestic pigeon breeds must have originated from a single species of wild pigeons. The reason they look different is that different lines have been artificially selected for different traits. In the Origin, artificial selection (why pigeons look different) acts as a key metaphor for natural selection (why all birds look different).

We can think of natural selection as artificial selection without conscious forethought. It is deterministic, in that its outcomes are predictable. In other words, natural selection is not random. What are random are mutations in DNA, the “replicators” in the above quote. Or maybe not. read more »

August 3rd, 2010

When Politicians Are Honest

by Andrew

Today Senator Kerry announced that he would delay the Senate Foreign Relations Committee vote on the new START Treaty. It appears that several Republican senators are on the verge of committing to vote for it, but have submitted several questions to the Obama Administration that they want answered before they come out in support of the Treaty. Utterly predictably, the line from Minority Leader McConnell is that the Treaty will be in good shape if the Administration doesn’t rush it:

The only way this treaty gets in trouble is if it’s rushed… My advice to the president was, don’t try to jam it, answer all the requests, and let’s take our time and do it right.

Minor problem. The last START Treaty expired in December. Which means the US hasn’t had observers in Russia since December. Which means that we have no idea what the Russians have been doing with their nuclear weapons since December. One would think this would expedite the process of passing the Treaty. As I said, only a minor problem.

But what Senator McConnell said next provided the inspiration for the title of this post: read more »

August 1st, 2010

The Politics of Economic Policy

by Andrew

In the past week, there have been two prominent opinion pieces attacking Republicans for their lack of concern about deficits over the past few decades. Neither talks much about Democrats and I’m not really sure if that’s because the authors think criticism of Democrats on this subject goes without saying or because the authors think there should be a balance between the two parties, with one being fiscally conservative and the other promoting welfare spending.

The first piece came last weekend form Martin Wolf, an associate editor and the chief economics commentator at the Financial Times. In it, he talks about what he sees as the political genius of supply-side economics, as well as the threat it poses to the future solvency of the United States.

The second piece was published in today’s New York Times. It was written by David Stockman, a director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Reagan. A nice summary of his op-ed might be: “I want my Party back.” It’s a very poignant criticism of the Republicans’ willingness to run massive deficits. read more »

July 31st, 2010

Controversy over the NYC Mosque

by Andrew

I found out about the Anti-Defamation League’s decision to oppose the proposed construction of a mosque and community center two blocks from Ground Zero on Paul Krugman’s blog yesterday. He was incensed, attacking the ADL for hypocrisy. After reading the front page New York Times article this morning, I was furious as well and wrote a very angry blog post about the subject. But then I realized one shouldn’t write when angry and scrapped the post. Perhaps better to leave it alone.

But as I was perusing the blogosphere this evening, I found a very evenhanded analysis of the situation from Nate Silver, which I why I’m writing this post. His post is mostly about how pathetic a job the media has done reporting on this subject (big surprise). He also gives what seems to be the only comprehensive explanation of the facility and, in passing, points out that other faiths already have houses of worship in the area. Please do read his post.

I would only add two points. The first is that we should not hold moderate America Muslims accountable for September 11th; they had about as much to do with it as the rest of us did. They are not guilty because they share their faith with over 1.2 billion other human beings. But my second point is more important. Is there anyone who reads this blog who does not think that moderate Muslims should be speaking out against extremism? Is there anyone on this blog who does not think moderate Muslims should be reaching out to build ties with people of other cultures and faiths? Yet, when they try to do so, we vilify them. If we want to work with American Muslims and moderate Muslims worldwide to combat terrorism, we need to grow up.

July 31st, 2010

Fascinating CBO Brief

by Andrew

This morning I noticed that Greg Mankiw had posted a link on his blog to an issue summary from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) that was published four days ago. It can be found here.

The report is entitled “Federal Debt and the Risk of a Fiscal Crisis.” If you are at all interested in the economic forecast for our country, you should read this document. It’s clearly written, easy to understand, and only 8 pages long.

My interpretation of this report is that we have yet to experience the worst side effects of the recession. Eventually, government spending has to be reformed. Under current policies, we would have to either reduce spending by 1% or increase revenue by 1% immediately to keep the federal debt under control. Under the “alternative fiscal scenario,” which includes hypotheticals such as the extension of the Bush tax cuts and the repeal of healthcare reform, it would be 5%, which is equivalent to 20% of the government’s non-interest spending.

The report also looks as three recent fiscal crises: Argentina, Ireland, and Greece. These provide interesting insights into the future path our country might take. The biggest question seems to be at what point do investors lose confidence in the US government’s ability to pay off its debts.

Although the report doesn’t come out and say it, it seems that the absolute worst thing that could happen in the next few decades is another recession. And while the recent financial reform was a good start, it’s pretty clear that no one thinks it will prevent another collapse of our economy. We would do well to understand how the US avoided any major recessions, relative to our current one and prior ones, for most of the 20th century.

July 28th, 2010

A Moral Failure

by Andrew

I’ve already written about the economic and environmental costs of failing to deal with climate change. Both phenomena are well understood and the forecast grows increasingly disheartening. However, there’s a third story, a moral one. I’m not talking about the morality of increased incidence of famine, drought, and disease; those are the moral costs of a changing environment. I’m talking about what seems to be a growing trend in the United States’ ability to confront the challenges facing our generation.

This trend is perhaps best encapsulated in a political cartoon reprinted in the New York Times’ “Week in Review” section on Sunday. It shows the dome of the Capital and the tip of the Washington Monument rising out of an otherwise flooded Washington D.C. A text bubble attached to the Capital reads: “We regret that we have but one country to give for our lifestyle.” read more »

July 26th, 2010

The “Tree of Liberty”

by Andrew

It has become common since the beginning of the Tea Party movement to hear Thomas Jefferson’s “Tree of Liberty” letter quoted. Specifically, the sentences about the need for shedding the blood of patriots and tyrants and about the need for a rebellion every twenty years or so. I had always wondered about the context of the letter, so I finally looked it up. It was written by Jefferson on November 13, 1787 to acknowledge the receipt of a copy of a draft of the Constitution. At the time, Jefferson was acting as ambassador to France. In the letter, he expresses his concern that the Constitution is an overreaction to Shay’s Rebellion, which is the inspiration of the two quotes we hear so often. In a certain sense, Jefferson was right; the Constitution was a reaction to Shay’s Rebellion. But I very much doubt anyone from any part of the political spectrum is going to argue today that it was an overreaction.

I certainly appreciate the reminder that our Founding Fathers did not always agree; our country was founded on compromise, not an uncompromising ideology. And if compromise in governing could work so successfully in writing the Constitution, it is a lesson we should remember today. But what is perhaps most interesting about this letter is why Jefferson thinks rebellions are necessary. I’ve reproduced the letter below the fold (it’s very short). read more »

July 23rd, 2010

Folk Festival Update

by Andrew

Here’s an update from the National Park about the Folk Festival concerning tonight’s weather:

The Lowell Folk Festival goes on rain or shine! There are great acts,
amazing food, and wonderful audiences at two stages tonight’s 24th
Festival.

For tonight only, the Lowell Folk Festival schedule has been shifted for
the weather forecast this evening.

The Boarding House Park stage will move to the Lowell High School
Auditorium keeping the same schedule.

The schedule at Dutton Street Dance Pavilion stays in place.

The Flagraising and Parade scheduled to start at JFK Plaza earlier, will now
take place at the Lowell High School Auditorium as well, now at 6:45 pm.
Ethnic Food sellers are in place along John Street at the top of Boarding
House Park and at Dutton Street.

The show goes on!